HPV and Anal Cancer: What LGBTQ+ Ohioans need to know

Cancer is most treatable when it’s caught early, including anal cancer. Some individuals in the LGBTQ+ community are at greater risk for getting anal cancer. That’s why it’s important to talk about risk factors and screenings.

Almost all cases of anal cancer are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is very common, and most people will get the virus at some point in their lives. It’s the same virus that causes genital warts and cervical cancer. HPV can spread through skin-to-skin contact during sex, even if there is no penetration.

Benny Chen, MD, a family medicine physician with MetroHealth Pride Network, said that HPV often has no symptoms.

“HPV is the main risk factor for anal cancer, just like it is for cervical cancer. Many people have HPV and don’t know it. That’s why it’s important to be screened,” Dr. Chen said. “A simple test at your healthcare provider’s office can help prevent anal cancer or find it early, when it is easiest to treat.”

Understanding Your Risk

The MetroHealth Pride Network doctors and providers recommend screening starting at age 35 for men with HIV and transgender women with HIV who have sex with men. Men and transgender women who do not have HIV and who have sex with men can begin screening at age 45.

Many people don’t know anal cancer screening is available. Some healthcare providers may not bring it up during a visit. If you think you may be at higher risk, it’s okay to ask about it.

“Our goal is to help every patient understand their risk, answer their questions and keep them healthy,” Dr. Chen said. “These conversations are a normal part of preventive healthcare, and we’re always happy to have them.”

Testing and Screening

Testing for HPV is quick and simple.

Your provider uses a small, soft swab to collect cells from inside the anus. The sample can be tested for HPV or abnormal cells, or both.

If the results show changes, you may be referred to a colorectal specialist for a closer exam. Finding and treating abnormal cells early can stop cancer before it develops.

Many insurance plans cover the screening cost. Free and low-cost screenings are available at some community wellness centers, too.

When Should You Begin Screening

The International Anal Neoplasia Society’s screening guidelines recommend you get screened…

…at age 35, if you are:
• A man who has HIV and who has sex with men
• A transgender woman who has HIV

…at age 45, if you are:
• A person who has HIV
• A man, regardless of HIV status, who has sex with men
• A transgender woman, regardless of HIV status

Protect yourself

The HPV vaccine is one of the best ways to lower your risk. It is the only vaccine that helps prevent several types of cancer, including anal, cervical, penile and some throat cancers.

Healthcare providers recommend the HPV vaccine starting as early as age nine. If you are an adult who has not been vaccinated, it’s not too late. The vaccine is approved for adults through age 45. 🔥

About The MetroHealth Pride Network

The MetroHealth Pride Network offers primary care for adults and children and gender-affirming care for adults. While people in the LGBTQ+ community have similar routine healthcare needs as cisgender or heterosexual people, providers in the MetroHealth Pride Network have specialized training and experience related to sexuality and gender.

Pride Network providers can be found in four MetroHealth locations – Brooklyn, Brecksville, West Park and Cleveland Heights. Learn more at www.metrohealth.org/pride or call 216-957-4905 to make an appointment.